DVD RECORDING PROCEDURE

1. DVD recorders in the closet should be on already and should not be turned off. If the power happens to be off, press the power button to turn the machine on, but there is a time lag of 5-10 minutes before the machine is ready to record.
2. Press the [OPEN/CLOSE] button to open the DVD drive bay and insert the DVD-Ram disk. Do not use DVD-R, DVD-RW, or CD-RW disks.
3. Press the [OPEN/CLOSE] button again to close the drive.
4. Press the [CHANNEL UP / DOWN] button to set the recorder to your office channel.
5. Press the [RECORD] button to begin recording.
6. Flip the camera switch in your office to [ON] after the client gives their consent to be recorded.
7. When recording is finished, press the [STOP] button.
8. Press the [OPEN/ CLOSE] button to open the drive door and remove the disk from the drive. Press the [OPEN/ CLOSE] button again to close the drive.

CPU socket

Socket 370

The Socket 370 processor socket, a ZIF type PGA socket
A CPU socket or CPU slot is a connector on a computer's motherboard that accepts a CPU and forms an electrical interface with it. As of 2007, most desktop and server computers, particularly those based on the Intel x86 architecture, include socketed processors.
Most CPU-sockets interfaces are based on the pin grid array (PGA) architecture, in which short, stiff pins on the underside of the processor package mate with holes in the socket. To minimize the risk of bent pins, zero insertion force (ZIF) sockets allow the processor to be inserted without any resistance, then grip the pins firmly to ensure a reliable contact after a lever is flipped.
As of 2007, several current and upcoming socket designs use land grid array (LGA) technology instead. In this design, it is the socket which contains pins. The pins contact pads or lands on the bottom of the processor package.
In the late 1990s, many x86 processors fit into slots, rather than sockets. CPU slots are single-edged connectors similar to expansion slots, into which a PCB holding a processor is inserted. Slotted CPU packages offered two advantages: L2 cache memory could be upgraded by installing an additional chip onto the processor PCB, and processor insertion and removal was often easier. However, slotted packages require longer traces between the CPU and chipset, and therefore became unsuitable as clock speeds passed 500 MHz. Slots were abandoned with the introduction of AMD's Socket A and Intel's Socket 370.

Socket 462 (Socket A)

Socket 462 (also called Socket A) is a PGA socket designed for AMD K7 family of processors. This socket can be used with AMD Athlon and Duron processors ranging in speed from 600 MHz to 2200 MHz (3200+) and with bus frequences ranging from 100 MHz to 200 MHz (400 MHz DDR). For a full list of supported processors please see below.

Socket A has 462 pin holes (hence the name "Socket 462") with 11 pluged pin holes. Socket dimensions are 5.59 cm (5.24 cm without lever) x 6.55 cm or 2.2" (2.06" without lever) x 2.58", which is almost the same as Socket 7/Super Socket 7.

Socket A (also known as Socket 462) is the CPU socket used for AMD processors ranging from the Athlon Thunderbird to the Athlon XP/MP 3200+, and AMD budget processors including the Duron and Sempron. Socket A also supports the recent AMD Geode NX embedded processors (derived from the Mobile Athlon XP). The socket is a zero insertion force pin grid array type with 453 pins (nine pins are blocked in the socket to prevent accidental insertion of Socket 370 CPUs, hence the number 462). The front side bus frequencies supported for the AMD Athlon XP and Sempron are 133 MHz, 166 MHz, and 200 MHz.
AMD recommends that the mass of a Socket A CPU cooler not exceed 300 grams (10.6 ounces). Heavier coolers may result in damage to the die when the system is not properly handled.
Socket A has been discontinued in favor of Socket 754, Socket 939, and recently Socket AM2, except for its use with Geode NX processors. However, microprocessors and motherboards from many vendors are still available.

Socket 478 (mPGA478B)

Socket 478 (mPGA478B) is a Pin Grid Array (PGA) socket for microprocessors based on Intel NetBurst architecture. This socket was introduced in August 2001 as replacement for short-lived socket 423. The socket 478 supports desktop and mobile Pentium 4 and Celeron processors from 1.4 GHz to 3.46 GHz with effective front-side bus frequencies 400 MHz - 1066 MHz (100 MHz - 266 MHz QDR). This socket was phased out in favour of socket 775 (LGA775).

One major difference between the socket 478 and older sockets is the socket size. The distance between pin holes in socket 478 is twice smaller than the distance between pin holes in the socket 370, which was used by older Celeron, Pentium and Pentium III families, and in the socket 423 used by first generation of Pentium 4 microprocessors. This results in much smaller socket size - only 1.38" x 1.38" (3.5 cm x 3.5 cm). Another difference between socket 478 and earlier sockets is the arrangement of pins. Pentium and newer CPUs, including socket 423 Pentium 4 microprocessors, had pins arranged as two grids where one grid was diagonally shifted relative to another grid by 1/2 of the distance between pins. In mPGA478B the pins are arranged as one grid, that is the same way as in Intel 80486 and older microprocessors.
The mPGA478B has grid size 26 x 26 with a 14 x 14 section removed from the center of the grid. Two pin-holes in one corner of the socket are plugged, so there is only one way to install the CPU. The total number of pins is (26 x 26) - (14 x 14) - 2 = 478.

Socket 370 (PGA370)

Socket 370 (also called PGA370) is a PGA socket designed to work with Intel Celeron and Pentium III processors in Pin Grid Array (PGA) package. There are three different revisions of the socket 370:
Originally the Socket 370 (PGA370) was designed for Celeron Mendocino CPUs. These processors were manufactured in plastic PGA (PPGA) package, ran at speeds 300 MHz - 533 MHz, and had 66 MHz front-side bus and 2V core voltage. Original Socket 370 is not compatible with Coppermine and Tualatin Intel processors. It is possible to run Coppermine processors in this socket with the help of special PPGA-to-FC-PGA adapters, for example, PowerLeap PL-NeoS370.

To support newer Coppermine Celeron and Pentium III processors Intel revised specifications for the socket 370. The revised socket was mechanically compatible with the original specification, but there were differences in electrical specifications. As a result, new Coppermine CPUs would not work in the original socket, even though they would fit into it. Revised Socket 370 supported Coppermine processors running at speeds 533 MHz - 1133 MHz with FSB 100 and 133 MHz and core voltages in the range from 1.5V to 1.8V. Tualatin Pentium III processors were not directly supported by the socket, though it was possible to run them in the socket with the help of Tualatin adapters (for example, PowerLeap Neo/T). Many motherboards with this PGA370 socket revision also supported Celeron processors in PPGA package.
With the introduction of new Tualatin Pentium III core the socket 370 was revised once again. Like the previous revision of the socket, the second revision was mechanically compatible with old sockets, but electrically incompatible with previous socket revisions. This socket revision supported Tualatin processors in the range from 1 GHz to 1.4 GHz with FSB 100 and 133 MHz and core voltages 1.45V and 1.5V. Majority of motherboards with this revision of the socket 370 were also compatible with older Coppermine Pentium III and Celeron processors. Visually it's not possible to distinguish between different revisions of the socket 370 (PGA370), they all look like the socket on the picture below:

The socket has 370 pin-holes - hence the name Socket 370, and it has the same size as the Socket 7. There are two differences between these sockets:
Socket 370 processors don't have 2 corner pins while Socket 7 processors don't have only one corner pin. The extra corner pin doesn't allow Socket 7 processors to fit into PGA370 socket.
There are 6 rows of pins between the edge and the center of the processor for Socket 370 processors, and 5 rows for Socket 7 processors.

Socket 423 (PGA423)

Socket 423, also called PGA423, is a Pin Grid Array (PGA) socket introduced together with Pentium 4 microprocessor family in November 2000. The socket supported only Pentium 4 CPUs with Willamette core and was replaced with socket 478 just in 9 months after its introduction.
The size of PGA423 socket is 2.1" x 2.1" (5.33 cm x 5.33 cm). The socket has 423 pin holes arranged as 39 x 39 matrix with 26 x 26 section of pins removed. No corner pins in the socket are plugged, but, because the 26 x 26 section is removed not exactly from the center of the pin grid, there is only one way to insert the CPU into the socket.

Socket 7 (Socket7)

Socket 7 was introduced by Intel for it's Pentium 133 - 200 MHz processors and for Pentium MMX processor family. The major feature of the new socket was support for dual plane voltage - the socket could supply different voltages to processor core and I/O logic. At the same time, the socket 7 was backward compatible with socket 5, and it was possible to run older (single voltage) processors in socket 7 motherboards. For their next generation of processors Intel chose different socket type - slot 1, and completely abandoned socket 7. Luckily, Intel competitors continued to support socket 7 architecture, and they even enhanced it by creating a "Super socket 7" specification by adding support for 100 MHz bus frequency, backside L2 cache and frontside L3 cache.

Socket 7 has 321 pin holes arranged as 37 x 37 pin matrix. The socket has the same size as the Socket 5, but the socket 5 has only 320 pin holes. The extra pin on socket 7 processors is not electrically connected and it's main purpose is to prevent socket 7 processors to be inserted into socket 5 motherboards.

Socket 775 (LGA775)

Socket 775 (LGA775) is a Land Grid Array (PGA) socket used for the most recent generations of desktop Intel microprocessors starting from Pentium 4 and up to Core 2 Quad / Core 2 Extreme families. The socket LGA775 supports Intel CPUs from 1.8 to 3.8 GHz with Front-Side Bus frequencies ranging from 533 MHz to 1066 MHz. This socket superseded socket 478.
The Socket 775 differs from all earlier x86 sockets in the sense that it doesn't have pin holes. Instead, the socket has 775 gold-plated contacts arranged as a grid 33 x 30 contacts with 15 x 14 section de-populated in the center, with one corner contact and 4 contacts on two sides on the socket removed. After the processor is placed into the socket it has to be secured by pushing socket's load lever down. The LGA775 socket is guaranteed to last at least 20 insert cycles.

The size of LGA775 socket is 1.48" x 1.48" (3.75 cm x 3.75 cm), or about 15% larger than the size of socket 478. At the same time the socket 775 has 60% more contacts. The increase in the number of contacts without equivalent increase of socket size was achieved by reducing the distance between contacts. Another advantage of the new socket design is the lower resistance of the contacts, which reduces the amount of heat generated by socket and socket contacts.
LF-LGA775 socket is RoHS-compliant version of LGA775 socket.

Socket 939

Socket 939 is a PGA socket designed for desktop K8 microprocessors. The socket is primarily used with Athlon 64, Athlon 64 X2 and Athlon FX microprocessors. AMD also manufactured uni-processor single and dual-core Opteron processors for the socket 939, although these processors were just re-branded Athlon 64/64 X2 CPUs with larger level 2 cache. In addition to that small number (compared to the total number of processors for this socket) of socket 939 Sempron processors was produced for this socket.

The socket can be used with processors with internal frequencies from 1.8 GHz to 3 GHz, or with rated frequencies 3000+ - 4800+. All processors working in this socket have one HyperTransport link, dual-channel DDR memory controller, and support DDR-200 - DDR-400 unbuffered memory DIMMs.

Motherboard Form Factors

ATX Motherboard

ATX was developed as an evolution of the Baby-AT form factor and was defined to address ease of use, support for current and future I/O, support for current and future processor technology, and reduced total system cost.

MicroATX Motherboard

The microATX form factor was developed as a natural evolution of the ATX form factor to address new market trends and PC technologies. While offering the same benefits of the ATX form factor specification, the microATX form factor improves upon the previous specification in several key areas. Current trends in the industry indicate that users require a lower-cost solution for their PC needs. Without sacrificing the benefits of ATX, this form factor addresses the cost requirement by reducing the size of the motherboard. The smaller motherboard is made possible by reducing the number of I/O slots supported on the board. The overall effect of these size changes reduces the costs associated with the entire system design. The expected effect of these reductions is to lower the total system cost to the end user.
Through careful designing of a microATX motherboard, an OEM can capitalize on the benefits of a reduction in total system costs. These cost savings come from a reduced-output power supply (see the separate document SFX Power Supply Design Guide), reduced chassis costs, and minimal redesign of existing ATX compliant chassis for backward-compatibility.
microATX benefits also include those found with the current ATX form factor: more I/O space at the rear and reduced emissions from using integrated I/O connectors.

FlexATX Motherboard

FlexATX offers the opportunity for system developers to create many new personal computer designs.

Balanced Technology Extended (BTX) Form Factor

The BTX form factor specification gives developers options to balance thermal management, acoustics, system performance, and size in the system form factors and stylish designs that are desired in today's products. The BTX form factor is a clear break from previous ATX form factor layouts and was developed with emerging technologies such as Serial ATA, USB 2.0, and PCI Express*.
Thermal improvements come primarily from taking advantage of in-line airflow. The BTX defined in-line airflow layout allows many of the main board components (i.e.: processor, chipset, and graphics controller) to utilize the same primary fan airflow, thereby reducing the need for, and noise from, additional system fans. In some cases this also allows fewer and/or less expensive heat sinks to be used when compared to ATX solutions. The system level acoustics are also improved by the reduced air turbulence within the in-line airflow system. The BTX layout supports better component placement for back panel I/O controllers – important as the signal speed of external devices continues to increase. In addition to smaller than microATX system sizes, BTX was designed to scale up to tower size systems using the same core layout by increasing the number of system slots included.

How to install Windows 98

Determine Which Product to Use
loadTOCNode(2, 'moreinformation');
To install Windows 98, you must have one of the following products:
•
The "Microsoft Windows 98 Upgrade" product. This upgrade product is available on CD-ROM. When you use the Windows 98 Upgrade version, you must have a copy of the previous version of Windows on CD-ROM or on floppy disks for the compliance-check procedure during Setup. Make sure that you have your qualifying version of Windows on CD-ROM or on floppy disks before you run Setup. Note that you must also have a Windows 98 Startup disk to install this product.For additional information about how to create a Windows 98 Startup disk, click the article number below to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
187632 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/187632/EN-US/) How to Create a Windows 98 Startup Disk that Supports FAT32
•
The "Microsoft Windows 98 for PCs Without Windows" product. This version is available on CD-ROM. A Windows 98 Startup disk is included with the product.

Minimum Hardware Requirements to Install Windows 98
loadTOCNode(2, 'moreinformation');
The minimum hardware requirements include:
•
486DX 66-MHz or faster processor (Pentium recommended)
•
16 megabytes (MB) of memory (24 MB recommended)
•
195 MB of free hard disk space (the required space may vary from 120 MB to 295 MB, depending on your computer's configuration and the options you choose to install)
•
CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive
•
3.5-inch high-density floppy disk drive
•
Video adapter and monitor that support VGA or higher resolution
•
Microsoft Mouse or compatible pointing deviceFor additional information about the minimum hardware requirements, click the article number below to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

System Updates, Device Drivers, and Other Considerations
loadTOCNode(2, 'moreinformation');
CMOS Antivirus Utility
loadTOCNode(3, 'moreinformation');
It is important to disable any CMOS antivirus utility that is enabled on your computer before you run Setup. If you are not sure if this feature is enabled on your computer, view the documentation that is included with your computer, or contact the computer manufacturer.
Drive Overlay Software
loadTOCNode(3, 'moreinformation');
If your computer uses drive overlay software to enable large hard disk support, the drive overlay software must be installed before you install Windows 98. To install the drive overlay software, view the documentation that is included with the software or contact the software manufacturer.
System Updates and Device Drivers
loadTOCNode(3, 'moreinformation');
To ensure that your hardware and software is compatible with Windows 98, verify that you have the latest drivers, Basic Input Output System (BIOS), or patches for your hardware and software before you run Setup.If your computer uses proprietary hardware and you try to install Windows 98 on a clean hard disk, you may receive error messages. Before you install the retail or upgrade version of Windows 98 on your computer, check with the hardware manufacturer and verify that there are no known issues. Also, if your current version of Windows was preinstalled on your computer and was bundled with a software package that is on a Restore CD-ROM, you may not be able install the programs that are on the Restore CD-ROM. If this is the case, use the hardware manufacturer's Restore CD-ROM to install Windows 95 and the included programs first, and then run Setup from the Windows 98 Upgrade version. View your original hardware documentation if you are not sure how to run the Restore CD-ROM.WARNING: When you run the Restore CD-ROM, it may delete all of the data on your hard disk.
Real-Mode CD-ROM Support
loadTOCNode(3, 'moreinformation');
The Windows 98 Startup disk contains generic CD-ROM drivers that work with most CD-ROM drives. The Windows 98 Startup disk contains generic, real-mode ATAPI CD-ROM and small computer system interface (SCSI) drivers that can enable CD-ROM drives after you boot from the Windows 98 Startup disk. These CD-ROM drivers are not guaranteed to work with all CD-ROM drives. They may work as a replacement driver if the real-mode CD-ROM drivers that are included with your CD-ROM drive are not available. If these drivers do not work with your CD-ROM drive, view the documentation that is included with your hardware, or contact your hardware manufacturer.

How to Prepare the Hard Disk for the Windows 98 Installation Procedure
loadTOCNode(2, 'moreinformation');
WARNING: The following information applies to preparing an empty hard disk for the installation of Windows 98. If you use the following steps on a hard disk that is not empty, all of the data that is on that hard disk is deleted.Before you install Windows 98 on an empty hard disk, you must first create a primary partition and then format a file system on that partition. Each allocated space on the hard disk (primary partition or logical drive) is assigned a drive letter. Windows 98 supports the FAT16 and FAT32 file systems. When you run the Fdisk tool on a hard disk that is larger than 512 MB, you are prompted to choose a file system.The FAT16 file system has a maximum of 2 gigabytes (GB) for each allocated space, or drive letter. For example, if you use the FAT16 file system and you have a 6-GB hard disk, you can have three drive letters (C, D, and E), each with 2 GB of allocated space.The FAT32 file system supports drives up to 2 terabytes in size and stores files on smaller sections of the hard disk than does the FAT16 file system. This results in more free space on the hard disk. The FAT32 file system does not support drives that are smaller than 512 MB. For additional information about the FAT32 file system, click the article numbers below to view the articles in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
154997 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/154997/EN-US/) Description of the FAT32 File System
118335 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/118335/EN-US/) Maximum Partition Size Using FAT16 File System More information about file systems is also available in the "Getting Started" manual that is included with the Windows 98 CD-ROM.For additional information about the Fdisk tool, click the article number below to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
66706 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/66706/EN-US/) The Four Steps Needed to Make a Hard Disk Usable
How to Partition the Hard Disk
loadTOCNode(3, 'moreinformation');
After you decide which file system you want to use, run the Fdisk tool:
1.
Insert the Windows 98 Startup disk in the floppy disk drive, and then restart your computer.
2.
When the Microsoft Windows 98 Startup menu is displayed, choose the Start computer without CD-ROM support option, and then press ENTER.
3.
At a command prompt, type fdisk, and then press ENTER.
4.
If the hard disk is larger than 512 MB, you receive the following prompt:
Your computer has a disk larger than 512 MB. This version of Windows includes improved support for large disks, resulting in more efficient use of disk space on large drives, and allowing disks over 2 GB to be formatted as a single drive.IMPORTANT: If you enable large disk support and create any new drives on this disk, you will not be able to access the new drive(s) using other operating systems, including some versions of Windows 95 and Windows NT, as well as earlier versions of Windows and MS-DOS. In addition, disk utilities that were not designated explicitly for the FAT32 file system will not be able to work with this disk. If you need to access this disk with other operating systems or older disk utilities, do no enable large drive support.Do you wish to enable large disk support (Y/N)? If you want to use the FAT32 file system, press Y, and then press ENTER. If you want to use the FAT16 file system, press N, and then press ENTER.
5.
After you press ENTER, the Fdisk Options menu is displayed. Press 1 to select the Create DOS partition or Logical DOS Drive option, and then press ENTER.
6.
Press 1 to select the Create Primary DOS Partition option, and then press ENTER.
7.
After you press ENTER, you receive the following prompt:
Do you wish to use the maximum available size for primary DOS partition?FAT32 File System:
a.
If you chose the FAT32 file system in step 4 and you want all of the space on the hard disk to be assigned to drive C, press Y, and then press ENTER.
b.
Press ESC, and then press ESC to quit the Fdisk tool and return to a command prompt.
c.
Skip to step 10.FAT16 File System:
a.
If you chose the FAT16 file system in step 4, and you want the first 2 GB on the hard disk to be assigned to drive C, press Y, and then press ENTER.
b.
Press ESC to return to the Options menu, and then skip to step i.
c.
If you want to customize the size of the partitions (the logical drives) on the hard disk, press N, and then press ENTER.
d.
A prompt is displayed for you to type the size that you want for the primary partition in megabytes or percent of disk space. Note that for a Windows 98-based computer, Microsoft recommends that you make the primary partition at least 500 MB. Type the size of the partition that you want to create, and then press ENTER.
e.
Press ESC to return to the Options menu.
f.
Press 2 to select the Set active partition option, and then press ENTER.
g.
When you are prompted to type the number of the partition that you want to make the active partition, press 1, and then press ENTER.
h.
Press ESC to return to the Options menu.
i.
To assign drive letters to the additional space on the hard disk:
1.
Press 1, and then press ENTER.
2.
Press 2 to select the Create Extended DOS Partition option, and then press ENTER.
3.
The option that appears displays the maximum space that is available for the extended partition. You can adjust the size of the partition or you can use the default size. Note that the default maximum space is recommended, but the space can be divided between multiple drive letters. Type the amount of space that you want, press ENTER, and then press ESC.
4.
The Create Logical DOS Drive(s) in the Extended DOS Partition menu is displayed. This is the menu that you use to assign the remaining hard disk space to the additional drive letters. Type the amount of space that you want to assign to the next drive letter at the Enter logical drive size in Mbytes or percent of disk space (%) prompt, and then press ENTER.
5.
A table that lists the drive letter that you created and the amount of space that is on that drive is displayed. If there is still free space on the hard disk, it is displayed near the bottom of the table. Repeat steps 1 through 4 until you receive the following message:
All available space in the Extended DOS Partition is assigned to local drives
6.
After you receive this message, press ESC, and then press ESC to quit the Fdisk tool and return to a command prompt.
8.
After you create the partitions, restart you computer with the Windows 98 Startup disk in the floppy disk drive.
9.
When the Windows 98 Startup menu is displayed, choose the Start computer without CD-ROM support option, and then press ENTER.
10.
When a command prompt is displayed, type format c:, and then press ENTER.NOTE: If you receive a "Bad command or file name" message, you may need to extract the Format.com utility to your Startup disk. To do this, type the following command at a command prompt, and then press ENTER:
extract ebd.cab format.comAfter the Format.com utility is extracted to your Startup disk and a command prompt is displayed, type format c:.
11.
When you successfully run the Format.com utility, you receive the following prompt:
WARNING, ALL DATA ON NON-REMOVABLE DISK DRIVE C: WILL BE LOST!Proceed with Format (Y/N)? Press Y, and then press ENTER to format drive C.
12.
After the format procedure is finished, you receive the following prompt:
Volume label (11 characters, ENTER for none)? This is an optional feature that you can use to type a name for the hard disk. Type an 11-character name for the drive, or leave it blank, and then press ENTER.
13.
Repeat steps 10 through 13 for any additional drive letters that you created in step i.

How to Install Windows 98
loadTOCNode(2, 'moreinformation');
After you partition and format your hard disk, you can install Windows 98:
1.
Insert the Windows 98 Startup disk in the floppy disk drive, and then restart your computer.
2.
When the Windows 98 Startup menu is displayed, choose the Start computer with CD-ROM support option, and then press ENTER.
3.
If CD-ROM support is provided by the generic drivers on the Startup disk, you receive one of the following messages, where X is the drive letter that is assigned to your CD-ROM drive:
Drive X: = Driver MSCD001Drive X: = Driver OEMCD001 NOTE: If your CD-ROM drive is not available after you boot from the Windows 98 Startup disk, install the CD-ROM drivers that are included with your CD-ROM drive. For information about how to obtain and install the most current driver for your CD-ROM drive, view the documentation that is included with your device, or contact your hardware manufacturer.
4.
Insert the Windows 98 CD-ROM in the CD-ROM drive, type the following command at a command prompt, and then press ENTER
X:\setupwhere X is the drive letter that is assigned to your CD-ROM drive.
5.
When you receive the following message, press ENTER, and then follow the instructions on the screen to complete the Setup procedure:
Please wait while the Setup initializes. Setup is now going to perform a routine check on your system. To continue press Enter.

Windows Vista Migration Step-by-Step Guide

The Microsoft® Windows Vista™ operating system introduces new setup methods and processes, based on the new image-based setup feature of Windows Vista. This document provides the steps to use when upgrading a computer from the Microsoft Windows® XP Professional operating system or the Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition operating system to Windows Vista, and also how to migrate existing files and settings from Windows XP to Windows Vista.

Windows Vista Migration Scenarios

This document covers two primary scenarios for installing Windows Vista: upgrading an existing Windows XP computer "in-place" on the same computer hardware, and migrating user settings to a new computer running Windows Vista. If you purchase a new computer to run Windows Vista and want to move your files and settings from Windows XP to the new computer running Windows Vista, refer to the "Migrating to Windows Vista" scenario. If you are planning to install Windows Vista on a computer running Windows XP, refer to the "Upgrading to Windows Vista" scenario.

•	Upgrading to Windows Vista This scenario assumes that you are installing Windows Vista on a computer running Windows XP Professional or Windows XP Home Edition.
•	Migrating to Windows Vista This scenario assumes that you are installing Windows Vista on a new computer, and then transferring your user settings and files from a computer running Windows XP Professional or Windows XP Home Edition.

Requirements for Installing Windows Vista

Hardware requirements for Windows Vista may change before its official release. The present requirements can provide a guideline, and are as follows:

•	A computer with one gigahertz or higher processor clock speed recommended; 300 MHz minimum required (single or dual processor system); Intel Pentium/Celeron family, or AMD K6/Athlon/Duron family, or compatible processor recommended
•	512 megabytes (MB) of RAM or higher recommended
•	5 gigabytes (GB) of available hard disk space
•	A video adapter capable of supporting the Windows Server "Longhorn" Display Driver Model (LDDM) drivers used in Windows Vista
•	A DVD drive

Overview of Scenarios

These scenarios cover the steps required to install Windows Vista as either an upgrade to an existing operating system, or on a new computer to which you will transfer settings and files. The steps are very similar for the Windows Vista setup in both scenarios; the scenarios differ in the state of the computer at the beginning of the procedures, and the transfer of data after the Windows Vista installation.

Upgrading to Windows Vista

Avoiding Software Conflicts

This section addresses a temporary issue that may be present when you upgrade from Windows XP to Windows Vista.

If you are upgrading a computer running Windows XP and Windows AntiSpyware Beta 1, you may see software conflicts with Windows Defender when you upgrade to Windows Vista. To avoid this, uninstall Windows AntiSpyware Beta 1 before starting the upgrade process described in this section.

Steps for Upgrading to Windows Vista

Step 1: Assess Hardware Requirements

Step 2: Backup Important Data

Step 3: Upgrade to Windows Vista

Step 1: Assess Hardware Requirements

Hardware requirements for Windows Vista may change before its official release. The present requirements can provide a guideline, and are as follows:

•	A computer with a modern CPU, as detailed in the Windows Vista Capable PC Hardware Guidelines (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=54987)
•	512 megabytes (MB) of RAM or higher recommended
•	5–10 gigabytes of available hard disk space (exact amount depends upon several factors, including features installed and virtual memory settings selected)
•	A DirectX 9–class graphics adapter that supports WDDM and Pixel Shader 2.0, capable of supporting the Windows Display Driver Model (WDDM) drivers used in Windows Vista
•	A DVD drive

Step 2: Backup Important Data

You should back up files, or save them to a safe location, before upgrading to Windows Vista. While this step is optional, it is important to have a current backup of important data before making significant changes to the computer to prevent data loss.

To save your important data to a safe location, your options will depend on the original operating system and the backup options available to you. The following list provides a few suggestions:

•	Windows Backup, or other backup software
•	Copy the important data to a network folder
•	Burn the data to a CD or DVD
•	Backup to an external hard disk

Step 3: Upgrade to Windows Vista

The procedure for upgrading to Windows Vista assumes that you are already running a previous version of Windows on your computer. Upgrades are supported for the following versions of Windows:

•	Windows XP SP 2
•	Windows Vista

Upgrade to Windows Vista

1. Start Windows Vista Setup by inserting the DVD while running Windows, and click Install Now. If the autorun program does not open the Install Windows screen, browse to the root folder of the DVD and double click setup.exe. 2. Click Next to begin the Setup process. 3. Click Go online to get the latest updates (recommended) to retrieve any important updates for Windows Vista. This step is optional. If you choose not to check for updates during Setup, click Do not get the latest updates. 4. In Product key, type your product ID exactly as it appears on your DVD case. Click Next to proceed. 5. Read and accept the License Terms. Click I accept the License Terms (required to use Windows), and then click Next. If you click I decline (cancel installation) Windows Vista Setup will exit. 6. Click Upgrade (recommended) to perform an upgrade to your existing installation of Windows. 7. Windows Vista Setup will proceed without further interaction. Note: To perform this procedure, you must be a member of the Administrators group on the local computer, or you must have been delegated the appropriate authority. If the computer is joined to a domain, members of the Domain Admins group might be able to perform this procedure. As a security best practice, consider using Run as to perform this procedure.

Migrating to Windows Vista

To migrate to Windows Vista from a previous version of Windows, you should have a computer running a supported version of Windows that contains applications, settings, and data to be moved to a new computer running Windows Vista. The migration tools in Windows Vista provide three options for migrating your settings and files:

•	Network connection
•	Removable media (such as a USB flash drive or external hard disk)
•	CD or DVD

In addition to a choice of transfer method, you have a choice of migration tools. Windows Easy Transfer, included in Windows Vista, can be used to migrate settings and files for all of the users on a single computer to a new computer. If you want to migrate files and settings for a number of users on multiple computers, use the User State Migration Tool (USMT).

Steps for Migrating to Windows Vista

Step 1: Migrate User Settings Using the User State Migration Tool

Step 2: Migrate User Settings Using Windows Easy Transfer

Step 1: Migrate User Settings Using the User State Migration Tool

You can use Microsoft Windows User State Migration Tool (USMT) 3.0 to migrate user accounts during large deployments of Microsoft Windows XP and Windows Vista operating systems. USMT captures user accounts including desktop, and application settings, as well as a user's files, and then migrates them to a new Windows installation. Using USMT can help you improve and simplify your migration process. You can use USMT for both side-by-side (where you are copying the data from the old computer to a new computer) and wipe-and-load (where you are saving the data and then formatting the computer's hard disk and performing a clean install) migrations. If you are only upgrading your operating system, USMT is not needed.

USMT is intended for administrators who are performing automated deployments. If you are migrating the user states of only a few computers, you can use Windows Easy Transfer. For more information about USMT, see "Step-by-Step Guide to Migrating Files and Settings" on the Microsoft Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=37680).

USMT allows you to do the following:

•	Configure USMT for your unique situation, using the migration rule (.xml) files to control exactly which user accounts, files and settings are migrated and how they are migrated.
•	Automate your migration using the two USMT command-line tools, which control collecting and restoring the user files and settings.

USMT is described in full detail in "Getting Started with User State Migration Tool" on the Microsoft Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=56578).

Top of page

Step 2: Migrate User Settings Using Windows Easy Transfer

You can use Windows Easy Transfer to move user accounts, files and folders, program settings, Internet settings and favorites, and e-mail settings from an existing Windows computer to a new computer running Windows Vista.

Step 1: Preparing for the Transfer

Step 2: Capturing Files and Settings from the Existing Computer

Step 1: Preparing for the Transfer

Windows Easy Transfer in Windows Vista supports the following operating systems:

•	Windows 2000 SP 4
•	Windows XP SP 2
•	Windows Vista

Preparing Windows Easy Transfer

1. Open Windows Easy Transfer on your Windows Vista computer: click Start, click All Programs, click Accessories, click System Tools, and then click Windows Easy Transfer. Click Next to proceed. 2. If you have any programs open, you will be prompted to close them. You can opt to save your work in each program, and then close them individually, or you can click Close All in Windows Easy Transfer to close all running programs at once. Click Next. 3. Click Start new to begin the process of preparing Windows Easy Transfer to gather information from existing computers. 4. Click This is my new computer. 5. Select the destination for Windows Easy Transfer files. You have the option of creating the wizard files on CD or DVD, removable media, or a network drive. To use removable media or CD/DVD, you must have a drive in your computer that supports writing data to the appropriate media. Click Network drive. Note: Both computers must support the transfer method you choose. For example, if you write the data to CD or DVD, the destination computer must also have a CD or DVD drive. If you choose to transfer the data across the network, both computers must be connected on the same network. 6. Type a path and folder name in which you will store the Windows Easy Transfer files. The default value is C:\migwiz. Click Next.

Step 2: Transferring files and settings

Perform this step on the existing computer from which you are migrating user settings and files. Once the files and settings have been collected from your old computer and saved, you will move to the new computer to complete the wizard.

Transfer files and setting using a network

1. Start Windows Easy Transfer on the computer from which you wish to migrate settings and files by browsing to the removable media or network drive containing the wizard files, and then double clicking migwiz.exe. 2. If you have any programs open, you will be prompted to close them. You can opt to save your work in each program, and then close them individually, or you can click Close All in Windows Easy Transfer to close all running programs at once. Click Next. 3. Determine the transfer method to use. Click Through a network. Note: Both computers must support the transfer method you choose. For example, both computers must be connected to the same network. 4. Click Connect directly via network to begin the transfer. Alternately, click Save to network location if you want to store the files and settings in a file to be loaded later. If you choose to store the data in a network location, you will be prompted to provide the path. 5. Click Everything - all user accounts, files, and program settings (recommended)Only my user account, files, and program settings, or Custom. to transfer all files and settings. You can also choose to determine exactly which files should be migrated by clicking either 6. Review the list of files and settings to be transferred, and then click Start to begin the transfer. Click Customize if you want to add or remove files or settings.

Transfer files and settings using removable media

1. Start Windows Easy Transfer on the computer from which you wish to migrate settings and files by browsing to the removable media or network drive containing the wizard files, and then double clicking migwiz.exe. 2. If you have any programs open, you will be prompted to close them. You can opt to save your work in each program, and then close them individually, or you can click Close All in Windows Easy Transfer to close all running programs at once. Click Next. 3. Determine the transfer method to use. Click On a CD or other removable media, such as a flash drive. Note: Both computers must support the transfer method you choose. For example, both computers must support the same type of removable media. 4. Click To a network drive to save the files to either a network folder or a folder on a removable drive. 5. In Where do you want to save your files, type the path to a folder on the removable drive, and then click Next. 6. Click Everything - all user accounts, files, and program settings (recommended) to transfer all files and settings. You can also choose to determine exactly which files should be migrated by clicking either Only my user account, files, and program settings, or Custom. 7. Review the list of files and settings to be transferred, and then click Start to begin the transfer. Click Customize if you want to add or remove files or settings. 8. Click Close once Windows Easy Transfer has completed moving files. 9. Move the removable media to the new computer and launch Windows Easy Transfer. Click Next. 10. Click Continue a transfer in progress. 11. In Where did you copy your files, click Removable media. If Removable Media is unavailable, click Network Drive. Click Next. 12. In Locate your saved files, type the path to your saved files or click Browse. Click Next once you have located the files. 13. Choose user names on your new computer that match the names on the old computer. You may have to create new accounts in this step. Type in a user name to create an account on the local computer. Type in a user name in the format domain\user to create a profile for a domain user. 14. In Choose the drives for files on your new computer, select the destination drive for each source drive location. For example, for files that came from the D: drive on your old computer, you must determine which drive they should be moved to on the new computer. 15. Review the list of files and settings to be transferred, and then click Start to begin the transfer. Click Customize if you want to add or remove files or settings. 16. Click Close once Windows Easy Transfer has completed moving files.

Transfer files and settings using a writable CD or DVD

1. Start Windows Easy Transfer on the computer from which you wish to migrate settings and files by browsing to the removable media or network drive containing the wizard files, and then double clicking migwiz.exe. 2. If you have any programs open, you will be prompted to close them. You can opt to save your work in each program, and then close them individually, or you can click Close All in Windows Easy Transfer to close all running programs at once. Click Next. 3. Determine the transfer method to use. Click Burn a CD or DVD. Note: Both computers must support the transfer method you choose. For example, both computers must have a working CD or DVD drive. 4. In Choose your media, type the path to the writeable CD or DVD media. Click Next. 5. Click Everything - all user accounts, files, and program settings (recommended) to transfer all files and settings. You can also choose to determine exactly which files should be migrated by clicking either Only my user account, files, and program settings, or Custom. 6. Review the list of files and settings to be transferred, and then click Start to begin the transfer. Click Customize if you want to add or remove files or settings. If there is not enough free space on the writeable media, Windows Easy Transfer will tell you how many blank discs will be required. 7. Click Next once the CD or DVD burn process has completed. 8. Click Close once Windows Easy Transfer has completed moving files. 9. Move the CD or DVD media to the new computer and launch Windows Easy Transfer. Click Next. 10. Click Continue a transfer in progress. 11. In Where did you copy your files, click Read CD or DVD. 12. In Choose your media, select the drive letter for your CD or DVD drive where the disc is located. Click Next once you have located the files. 13. Choose user names on your new computer that match the names on the old computer. You may have to create new accounts in this step. Type in a user name to create an account on the local computer. Type in a user name in the format domain\user to create a profile for a domain user. 14. In Choose the drives for files on your new computer, select the destination drive for each source drive location. For example, for files that came from the D: drive on your old computer, you must determine which drive they should be moved to on the new computer. 15. Review the list of files and settings to be transferred, and then click Start to begin the transfer. Click Customize if you want to add or remove files or settings. 16. Click Close once Windows Easy Transfer has completed moving files.